ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS (2 Marks Each)
1. Explain the word 'management in brief.
Ans. The world management refers to forecast, to plan, to organise, to command, to coordinate, to control for achieving organisational objectives efficiently and effectively.
2. State the meaning of 'management is a continuous process."
Ans. All the functions of management are performed continuously by the managers. It may be planning at one time, staffing or directing at the other time and so on. So management activity is taken up continuously in an organisation.
3. Explain briefly management as a dynamic function.
Ans. Management has to change as per the requirements of the environment. The change in environment may necessitate the change in objectives, policies, strategies, etc. Management has to adjust its working as per the needs of time, that is why it is called a dynamic function.
4. How is management 'intangible'?
Ans. Management can be felt but not seen. If things are going as per plans then it is a good management, in case there is a confusion and lack of understanding among people then it will be bad management. The result of management can be felt more clearly and not seen.
5. List any two social objectives of management.
Ans. (i) Supply of quality goods at reasonable prices.
(ii) Creating employment opportunities for people.
6. Can management be called a science ?
Ans. No, management cannot be called a science like other physical sciences. Management is a systematised body of knowledge but still it cannot be called a science. The principles of science an based on repeated experiments and have universal validity and same results are reached even whe experimented by different persons.
7. Is management an art ?
Ans. Management is an art because one has to use personal skill and knowledge in solving complicate managerial problems. Like art, management is also concerned with achieving organisational targe of sales, profits, etc. like an artist, a manager always tries to attain higher goals in order to read Ans. perfection.
8. Is management a profession ?
Ans. Management cannot be said as profession like professions such of medicinal, law, etc. because does not have all the features of profession. There is no restricted entry into management profession and management associations cannot regulate the entry and conduct of managers as is done in other professions.
9. Name some functions of top level management.
Ans. (1) Determining the objectifies of the enterprise
(i) It frames plans and policies of the business
(iii) It assigns jobs to middle level of management
(iv) Arranging resources for the enterprise.
10. What type of functions are undertaken by supervisory staff ?
Ans. Supervisory staff provides healthy environment in the factory. It ensures proper quality of goods. The supervisors ensure that employees are properly motivated and improve their performance Supervisors also ensure that there should not be wastages of materials, etc.
. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS (3 Marks Each)
1. What is management ?
Ans. The word 'management' has been used differently by various authors. They define it from different angles. Management, when used as a noun, refers to all those persons who are concerned with getting things done through others. When used as a process, management refers to all those functions which a manager has to undertake planning, organising, staffing, directing, co-ordinating and controlling.
2. Is management a science ?
Ans. Science is a systematised body of knowledge pertaining to a particular field of enquiry. Management is a systematised body of knowledge built by management thinkers and practioners. The principles of management have been developed after prolonged observations in various organisations and are universally applicable like the principles of physics and chemistry. Inspite of all this management is not an exact science like other physical sciences.
3. Is management an art ?
Ans. An art is often regarded as the systematic application of skill or knowledge in accomplishing the desired task. Management is an art because one has to use personal skill and knowledge in solving complicated managerial problems. Like art, management is also concerned with achieving organisational targets of sales, profits, etc. like an artist, a manager always try to attain higher goals in order to reach perfection. So it can easily be said that management is an art.
4. Explain the meaning of management as an activity.
Ans. Management is an activity like any other activity such as playing, studying, teaching, etc. As an activity management consists of all activities, which are performed by managers in the process of making systematic use of human and physical resources. Management is concerned with the integration of activities of all people working in the organisation.
5. Describe management as a group activity.
Ans. Management as a group activity refers to those who are carrying on the activities of management. The group in management consists of chief executive, departmental managers, sectional officers, supervisors and so on. Management is not undertaken by one person but all the persons working at their levels. When one talks of management of a company then he refers to all those persons who are performing managerial duties there.
6. Brielly explain management as a process.
Ans. Management, when used as a process, refers to all that a manager does. A manager undertakes various interrelated functions to make efficient use of available resources. Management sets goals of the organisation and takes steps to achieve them. The functions of planning, organising, staffing, directing, co-ordinating and controlling fall under the process of management.
7. Explain management as a social process.
Ans. Management is getting things done through others. This involves dealing with people. The efforts of the human beings have to be directed, co-ordinated and regulated by management in order to achieve the desired results. It is in this sense that management is regarded as a social process. Moreover, management has a social obligation to make optimum use of scarce resources for the benefit of the community as a whole.
8. What are the organisational objectives of management?
Ans. Management is required to set clear cut objectives for the business so that all efforts are directed for achieving them. It is generally felt that earning of more and more profits is the main objective of every business. There should be an endeavour to develop a variety of objectives for different areas of business. Management should ensure the proper utilisation of physical and human resources. The efforts should be directed to control costs and increase revenue.
9. Describe the main functions of top management.
Ans. Top management is expected to perform the following functions:
(1) Determining the objectives of the enterprise.
(ii) Framing policies and making plans to achieve the objectives laid
(ii) Setting up an organisational framework. (iv) Assembling the resources of money, men, materials and methods.
10. What is meant by lower or operating management ?
Ans. Lower level managment consists of superintendents, supervisors, foremen, who are in direct touch with the rank and file of workers. Although the work of operating management may be technical, they still carry on the functions of management. They pass on the instructions of middle level management to the workers and translate the plans into short range operating plans. They are also involved in the process of decision making. They assign specific jobs to workers, evaluate their performance and report to the middle level management.
11. A company is facing the problem of declining sales due to competition and quality problem in its products. In your opinion, how should the company overcome this problem?
Ans. The problem in quality of products is a serious problem. The company should get technical advice regarding lower quality of products. This may be due to flaws in production process, poor quality of raw materials or lack of proper control in production process. After ascertaining the actual cause then it will be easy to tackle the problem of low quality. The competition from other producers can be faced only when quality of products is good and is acceptable to the consumers. There may also be a need to advertise in order to attract consumers again for the products.
12. Management is the systematised body of knowledge that explains certain general truths. Explain.
Ans. Management is a systematised body of knowledge. Management thinkers have developed certain principles which help management in carrying out its work in a systematised way. Management theories have been developed to give an insight into various aspects of management,. Management is now taught at graduation and post graduation levels in educational institutions. Management is used in every type of organisation, whether small or large, whether profit earning or non-profit earning.
13. "It is important for management to achieve its goals effectively and efficiently". Explain.
Ans. Effectiveness denotes to a situation when goals are achieved within a stipulated time with the given resource and means. The efficiency, on the other hand, states to a situation when goals are achieved correctly and with the minimum cost. It means that so far as management is concerned both effectiveness and efficiency are two sides of the same coin. If effectiveness and efficiency are ignored then management will not benefit from the achievement of goals. In a competitive environment a business will survive only if it is able to maintain efficiency and effectiveness.
