BUSINESS STUDIES 12

  
Nature and Significance of Management

What is Management? Concept, Characteristics, Objectives, Importance and Functions

Difference between Effectiveness and Efficiency

Nature of Management as a Science, Art and Profession 

Levels of Management

Management is a critical component in Nation's growth. 

Functions of Management- Planning, Organising, Staffing, Directing and Controlling

Coordination – The Essence of Management | Concept, Features and Importance

Difference between Coordination and Cooperation

Principles of Management

Nature and Significance of Principles of Management

14 Principles of Management by Henri Fayol

Difference between Unity of Command and Unity of Direction

Principles of Scientific Management

Techniques of Scientific Management

Difference between Time Study and Motion Study

Difference between Fayol and Taylor Theories of Management

Business Environment

What is Business Environment ? | Meaning and Features

Importance of Business Environment

Dimensions of Business Environment

Economic Environment in India

New Industrial Policy and its impact on the Business

Concept and Features of Demonetization

Planning

Features, Importance and Limitations of Planning

Planning Process: Concept and Steps

Types of Plans: Standing Plan and Single-use Plan

Difference between Standing Plans and Single-Use Plans

Difference between Policies and Objectives

Difference between Policies and Strategy

Difference between Policies and Procedures

Difference between Procedures and Methods

Difference between Procedures and Rules

Difference between Policies and Rules

Difference between Rules and Methods

Organising

Organising- Meaning, Importance and Process

Types of Organisation Structure

Difference between Functional Structure and Divisional Structure

Formal and Informal Organisation

Difference between Formal and Informal Organisation

Elements and Importance of Delegation

Difference between Authority, Responsibility and Accountability

Centralization and Decentralization

Difference between Centralization and Decentralization

Difference between Delegation and Decentralization

Staffing

Features and Importance of Staffing

Staffing and Human Resource Management

Staffing Process

Sources of Recruitment (Internal and External: Meaning, Merits and Demerits)

Difference between Internal Recruitment and External Recruitment

Steps in Selection Process

Difference between Recruitment and Selection

Importance of Training and Development to Organisation and Employees

Methods of Training: On-the-Job Methods and Off-the-Job Methods

Difference between On-the-Job Training Methods and Off-the-Job Training Methods

Difference between Training and Development

Difference between Training, Development and Education

Directing

Directing: Meaning, Characteristics and Importance

Principles and Elements of Directing

Importance of Supervision

Features and Importance of Motivation

Process of Motivation

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory

Financial and Non-Financial Incentives

Difference between Financial and Non-financial Incentives 

Features and Importance of Leadership

Types of Leadership Styles

10 Qualities of a Good Leader

Difference between a Manager and a Leader

Nature and Importance of Communication

Elements of Communication Process

Communication Channels | Formal and Informal

Formal Communication: Meaning, Types, Networks, Merits and Demerits

Informal Communication: Meaning, Networks, Merits and Demerits

Barriers to Effective Communication

Measures to improve Communication Effectiveness

Controlling

Controlling: Nature, Importance, and Limitations

Relationship between Planning and Controlling

Process of Controlling

Financial Management

Role and Objectives of Financial Management

Kinds of Financial Decisions

Investment Decision: Meaning and Factors affecting Investment Decision

Financing Decision: Meaning and Factors affecting Financing Decision

Dividend Decision: Meaning and Factors affecting Dividend Decision

Financial Planning: Objectives and Importance

What is Capital Structure

Factors affecting the choice of Capital Structure

What is Fixed Capital and Working Capital?

Fixed Capital: Meaning, Importance and Factors Affecting Requirement of Fixed Capital 

Working Capital: Meaning, Types, Operating Cycle and Factors Affecting the Working Capital

Financial Markets

Financial Market: Meaning, Functions, and Classification

Instruments of Money Market

What is Capital Market?

Difference between Money Market and Capital Market

What are the different Methods of Floatation of Securities in Primary Market?

Difference between Primary Market and Secondary Market

What is Stock Exchange?

Trading Procedure on a Stock Exchange

12 Common Terms in Stock Exchange

Depository System: Meaning, Services and Constituents

Dematerialisation of Securities (Demat Account): Benefits and Working

What is National Stock Exchange of India (NSEI)?

What is Over the Counter Exchange of India (OTCEI)?

Difference between NSEI and OTCEI

Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI): Objectives and Functions

Marketing

Marketing: Features and Functions

Difference between Selling and Marketing

Marketing Management Philosophies

What is Marketing Mix?

What is Product Mix?

Classification of Products

Difference between Convenience Products, Shopping Products and Speciality Products

Difference between Consumer Products and Industrial Products

What is Branding?

Packaging: Levels, Importance and Functions

What is Labelling?

Price Mix: Meaning and Factors Affecting Price Determination

What is Place/Physical Distribution Mix?

Types of Distribution Channels

Factors Determining Choice of Channels of Distribution

Components of Physical Distribution

What is Promotion Mix?

Advertising: Features, Merits and Demerits

Objections to Advertising

Personal Selling: Features, Merits and Role

Qualities of a Good Salesman

Difference between Advertising and Personal Selling

Sales Promotion: Merits, Demerits and Activities/ Techniques

What is Public Relations?

Consumer Protection

Consumer Protection: Meaning, Importance and Means

Consumer Rights and Responsibilities

Who is a Consumer?

Consumer Protection Act 1986 v/s Consumer Protection Act 2019

Redressal Agencies under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019

Remedies available to Consumers under Consumer Protection Act 2019


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